Human Machine Interface
Human Machine Interface market is segmented by region (country), players, by Type and by Applicat ... Read More
1 Study Coverage 1.1 Human Insulin Product Introduction 1.2 Global Human Insulin Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 1.2.1 Global Human Insulin Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2017-2028 1.2.2 Global Human Insulin Sales in Volume for the Year 2017-2028 1.3 United States Human Insulin Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 1.3.1 United States Human Insulin Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2017-2028 1.3.2 United States Human Insulin Sales in Volume for the Year 2017-2028 1.4 Human Insulin Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 1.4.1 The Market Share of United States Human Insulin in Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 1.4.2 The Growth Rate of Human Insulin Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 1.5 Human Insulin Market Dynamics 1.5.1 Human Insulin Industry Trends 1.5.2 Human Insulin Market Drivers 1.5.3 Human Insulin Market Challenges 1.5.4 Human Insulin Market Restraints 1.6 Study Objectives 1.7 Years Considered 2 Market by Type 2.1 Human Insulin Market Segment by Type 2.1.1 Insulin Analogs and Biosimilars 2.1.2 Human Insulin Biologics 2.2 Global Human Insulin Market Size by Type 2.2.1 Global Human Insulin Sales in Value, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028) 2.2.2 Global Human Insulin Sales in Volume, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028) 2.2.3 Global Human Insulin Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028) 2.3 United States Human Insulin Market Size by Type 2.3.1 United States Human Insulin Sales in Value, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028) 2.3.2 United States Human Insulin Sales in Volume, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028) 2.3.3 United States Human Insulin Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028) 3 Market by Application 3.1 Human Insulin Market Segment by Application 3.1.1 Short Acting 3.1.2 Intermediate Acting 3.1.3 Long Acting 3.1.4 Pre-Mix Insulin 3.2 Global Human Insulin Market Size by Application 3.2.1 Global Human Insulin Sales in Value, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028) 3.2.2 Global Human Insulin Sales in Volume, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028) 3.3.3 Global Human Insulin Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028) 3.3 United States Human Insulin Market Size by Application 3.3.1 United States Human Insulin Sales in Value, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028) 3.3.2 United States Human Insulin Sales in Volume, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028) 3.3.3 United States Human Insulin Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028) 4 Global Human Insulin Competitor Landscape by Company 4.1 Global Human Insulin Market Size by Company 4.1.1 Top Global Human Insulin Manufacturers Ranked by Revenue (2021) 4.1.2 Global Human Insulin Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2022) 4.1.3 Global Human Insulin Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2022) 4.1.4 Global Human Insulin Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022) 4.2 Global Human Insulin Concentration Ratio (CR) 4.2.1 Human Insulin Market Concentration Ratio (CR) (2017-2022) 4.2.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Manufacturers of Human Insulin in 2021 4.2.3 Global Human Insulin Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) 4.3 Global Human Insulin Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Type 4.3.1 Global Human Insulin Manufacturers, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region 4.3.2 Manufacturers Human Insulin Product Type 4.3.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Human Insulin Market 4.4 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4.5 United States Human Insulin Market Size by Company 4.5.1 Top Human Insulin Players in United States, Ranked by Revenue (2021) 4.5.2 United States Human Insulin Revenue by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022) 4.5.3 United States Human Insulin Sales by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022) 5 Global Human Insulin Market Size by Region 5.1 Global Human Insulin Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 5.2 Global Human Insulin Market Size in Volume by Region (2017-2028) 5.2.1 Global Human Insulin Sales in Volume by Region: 2017-2022 5.2.2 Global Human Insulin Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028) 5.3 Global Human Insulin Market Size in Value by Region (2017-2028) 5.3.1 Global Human Insulin Sales in Value by Region: 2017-2022 5.3.2 Global Human Insulin Sales in Value by Region: 2023-2028 6 Segment in Region Level & Country Level 6.1 North America 6.1.1 North America Human Insulin Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.1.2 North America Human Insulin Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.1.3 U.S. 6.1.4 Canada 6.2 Asia-Pacific 6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Human Insulin Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.2.2 Asia-Pacific Human Insulin Market Facts & Figures by Region (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.2.3 China 6.2.4 Japan 6.2.5 South Korea 6.2.6 India 6.2.7 Australia 6.2.8 Taiwan 6.2.9 Indonesia 6.2.10 Thailand 6.2.11 Malaysia 6.2.12 Philippines 6.3 Europe 6.3.1 Europe Human Insulin Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.3.2 Europe Human Insulin Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.3.3 Germany 6.3.4 France 6.3.5 U.K. 6.3.6 Italy 6.3.7 Russia 6.4 Latin America 6.4.1 Latin America Human Insulin Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.4.2 Latin America Human Insulin Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.4.3 Mexico 6.4.4 Brazil 6.4.5 Argentina 6.5 Middle East and Africa 6.5.1 Middle East and Africa Human Insulin Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.5.2 Middle East and Africa Human Insulin Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.5.3 Turkey 6.5.4 Saudi Arabia 6.5.5 UAE 7 Company Profiles 7.1 B. Braun 7.1.1 B. Braun Corporation Information 7.1.2 B. Braun Description and Business Overview 7.1.3 B. Braun Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.1.4 B. Braun Human Insulin Products Offered 7.1.5 B. Braun Recent Development 7.2 Becton, Dickinson 7.2.1 Becton, Dickinson Corporation Information 7.2.2 Becton, Dickinson Description and Business Overview 7.2.3 Becton, Dickinson Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.2.4 Becton, Dickinson Human Insulin Products Offered 7.2.5 Becton, Dickinson Recent Development 7.3 Biocon 7.3.1 Biocon Corporation Information 7.3.2 Biocon Description and Business Overview 7.3.3 Biocon Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.3.4 Biocon Human Insulin Products Offered 7.3.5 Biocon Recent Development 7.4 Biodel 7.4.1 Biodel Corporation Information 7.4.2 Biodel Description and Business Overview 7.4.3 Biodel Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.4.4 Biodel Human Insulin Products Offered 7.4.5 Biodel Recent Development 7.5 ELI Lilly 7.5.1 ELI Lilly Corporation Information 7.5.2 ELI Lilly Description and Business Overview 7.5.3 ELI Lilly Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.5.4 ELI Lilly Human Insulin Products Offered 7.5.5 ELI Lilly Recent Development 7.6 Julphar 7.6.1 Julphar Corporation Information 7.6.2 Julphar Description and Business Overview 7.6.3 Julphar Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.6.4 Julphar Human Insulin Products Offered 7.6.5 Julphar Recent Development 7.7 NOVO Nordisk 7.7.1 NOVO Nordisk Corporation Information 7.7.2 NOVO Nordisk Description and Business Overview 7.7.3 NOVO Nordisk Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.7.4 NOVO Nordisk Human Insulin Products Offered 7.7.5 NOVO Nordisk Recent Development 7.8 Sanofi 7.8.1 Sanofi Corporation Information 7.8.2 Sanofi Description and Business Overview 7.8.3 Sanofi Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.8.4 Sanofi Human Insulin Products Offered 7.8.5 Sanofi Recent Development 7.9 Wockhardt 7.9.1 Wockhardt Corporation Information 7.9.2 Wockhardt Description and Business Overview 7.9.3 Wockhardt Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.9.4 Wockhardt Human Insulin Products Offered 7.9.5 Wockhardt Recent Development 7.10 Ypsomed 7.10.1 Ypsomed Corporation Information 7.10.2 Ypsomed Description and Business Overview 7.10.3 Ypsomed Human Insulin Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.10.4 Ypsomed Human Insulin Products Offered 7.10.5 Ypsomed Recent Development 8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis 8.1 Human Insulin Industry Chain Analysis 8.2 Human Insulin Key Raw Materials 8.2.1 Key Raw Materials 8.2.2 Human Insulin Distributors 8.3 Human Insulin Production Mode & Process 8.4 Human Insulin Sales and Marketing 8.4.1 Human Insulin Sales Channels 8.4.2 Human Insulin Distributors 8.5 Human Insulin Customers 9 Research Findings and Conclusion 10 Appendix 10.1 Research Methodology 10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 10.1.2 Data Source 10.2 Author Details 10.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables Table 1. Human Insulin CAGR in Value, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 Table 2. Human Insulin Market Trends Table 3. Human Insulin Market Drivers Table 4. Human Insulin Market Challenges Table 5. Human Insulin Market Restraints Table 6. Global Human Insulin Sales by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million) Table 7. United States Human Insulin Sales by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million) Table 8. Global Human Insulin Sales by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million) Table 9. United States Human Insulin Sales by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million) Table 10. Top Human Insulin Manufacturers in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021) Table 11. Global Human Insulin Revenue by Manufacturer, (US$ Million), 2017-2022 Table 12. Global Human Insulin Revenue Share by Manufacturer, 2017-2022 Table 13. Global Human Insulin Sales by Manufacturer, (K Doses), 2017-2022 Table 14. Global Human Insulin Sales Share by Manufacturer, 2017-2022 Table 15. Global Human Insulin Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022) & (USD/Dose) Table 16. Global Human Insulin Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table 17. Global Human Insulin by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Human Insulin as of 2021) Table 18. Top Players of Human Insulin in Global Market, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region Table 19. Manufacturers Human Insulin Product Type Table 20. Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Human Insulin Market Table 21. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table 22. Top Human Insulin Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021) Table 23. United States Human Insulin Revenue by Players, (US$ Million), 2020, 2021 & 2022 Table 24. United States Human Insulin Revenue Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022 Table 25. United States Human Insulin Sales by Players, (K Doses), 2020, 2021 & 2022 Table 26. United States Human Insulin Sales Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022 Table 27. Global Human Insulin Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 Table 28. Global Human Insulin Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2022) & (K Doses) Table 29. Global Human Insulin Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Doses) Table 30. Global Human Insulin Sales in Value by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 31. Global Human Insulin Sales in Value Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 32. North America Human Insulin Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Doses) Table 33. North America Human Insulin Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 34. Asia Pacific Human Insulin Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028) & (K Doses) Table 35. Asia Pacific Human Insulin Sales in Value by Region (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 36. Europe Human Insulin Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Doses) Table 37. Europe Human Insulin Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 38. Latin America Human Insulin Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Doses) Table 39. Latin Americaa Human Insulin Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 40. Middle East and Africa Human Insulin Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Doses) Table 41. Middle East and Africa Human Insulin Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 42. B. Braun Corporation Information Table 43. B. Braun Description and Business Overview Table 44. B. Braun Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 45. B. Braun Human Insulin Product Table 46. B. Braun Recent Development Table 47. Becton, Dickinson Corporation Information Table 48. Becton, Dickinson Description and Business Overview Table 49. Becton, Dickinson Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 50. Becton, Dickinson Product Table 51. Becton, Dickinson Recent Development Table 52. Biocon Corporation Information Table 53. Biocon Description and Business Overview Table 54. Biocon Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 55. Biocon Product Table 56. Biocon Recent Development Table 57. Biodel Corporation Information Table 58. Biodel Description and Business Overview Table 59. Biodel Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 60. Biodel Product Table 61. Biodel Recent Development Table 62. ELI Lilly Corporation Information Table 63. ELI Lilly Description and Business Overview Table 64. ELI Lilly Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 65. ELI Lilly Product Table 66. ELI Lilly Recent Development Table 67. Julphar Corporation Information Table 68. Julphar Description and Business Overview Table 69. Julphar Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 70. Julphar Product Table 71. Julphar Recent Development Table 72. NOVO Nordisk Corporation Information Table 73. NOVO Nordisk Description and Business Overview Table 74. NOVO Nordisk Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 75. NOVO Nordisk Product Table 76. NOVO Nordisk Recent Development Table 77. Sanofi Corporation Information Table 78. Sanofi Description and Business Overview Table 79. Sanofi Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 80. Sanofi Product Table 81. Sanofi Recent Development Table 82. Wockhardt Corporation Information Table 83. Wockhardt Description and Business Overview Table 84. Wockhardt Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 85. Wockhardt Product Table 86. Wockhardt Recent Development Table 87. Ypsomed Corporation Information Table 88. Ypsomed Description and Business Overview Table 89. Ypsomed Human Insulin Sales (K Doses), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Dose) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 90. Ypsomed Product Table 91. Ypsomed Recent Development Table 92. Key Raw Materials Lists Table 93. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists Table 94. Human Insulin Customers List Table 95. Human Insulin Distributors List Table 96. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 97. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table 98. Key Data Information from Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Human Insulin Product Picture Figure 2. Global Human Insulin Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 Figure 3. Global Human Insulin Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 4. Global Human Insulin Sales 2017-2028 (K Doses) Figure 5. United States Human Insulin Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 Figure 6. United States Human Insulin Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 7. United States Human Insulin Sales 2017-2028 (K Doses) Figure 8. United States Human Insulin Market Share in Global, in Value (US$ Million) 2017-2028 Figure 9. United States Human Insulin Market Share in Global, in Volume (K Doses) 2017-2028 Figure 10. Human Insulin Report Years Considered Figure 11. Product Picture of Insulin Analogs and Biosimilars Figure 12. Product Picture of Human Insulin Biologics Figure 13. Global Human Insulin Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028 Figure 14. Global Human Insulin Sales in Value by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 15. Global Human Insulin Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2017-2028) Figure 16. Global Human Insulin Sales by Type (2017-2028) & (K Doses) Figure 17. Global Human Insulin Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2017-2028) Figure 18. Global Human Insulin Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Dose) Figure 19. United States Human Insulin Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028 Figure 20. United States Human Insulin Sales in Value by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 21. United States Human Insulin Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2017-2028) Figure 22. United States Human Insulin Sales by Type (2017-2028) & (K Doses) Figure 23. United States Human Insulin Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2017-2028) Figure 24. United States Human Insulin Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Dose) Figure 25. Product Picture of Short Acting Figure 26. Product Picture of Intermediate Acting Figure 27. Product Picture of Long Acting Figure 28. Product Picture of Pre-Mix Insulin Figure 29. Global Human Insulin Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028 Figure 30. Global Human Insulin Sales in Value by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 31. Global Human Insulin Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2017-2028) Figure 32. Global Human Insulin Sales by Application (2017-2028) & (K Doses) Figure 33. Global Human Insulin Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2017-2028) Figure 34. Global Human Insulin Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Dose) Figure 35. United States Human Insulin Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028 Figure 36. United States Human Insulin Sales in Value by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 37. United States Human Insulin Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2017-2028) Figure 38. United States Human Insulin Sales by Application (2017-2028) & (K Doses) Figure 39. United States Human Insulin Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2017-2028) Figure 40. United States Human Insulin Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Dose) Figure 41. North America Human Insulin Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Doses) Figure 42. North America Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 43. U.S. Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 44. Canada Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 45. Europe Human Insulin Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Doses) Figure 46. Europe Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 47. Germany Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 48. France Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 49. U.K. Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 50. Italy Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 51. Russia Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Human Insulin Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Doses) Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 54. China Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 55. Japan Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 56. South Korea Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 57. India Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 58. Australia Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 59. Taiwan Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 60. Indonesia Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 61. Thailand Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 62. Malaysia Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 63. Philippines Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 64. Latin America Human Insulin Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Doses) Figure 65. Latin America Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 66. Mexico Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 67. Brazil Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 68. Argentina Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Human Insulin Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Doses) Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 71. Turkey Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 72. Saudi Arabia Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 73. UAE Human Insulin Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 74. Human Insulin Value Chain Figure 75. Human Insulin Production Process Figure 76. Channels of Distribution Figure 77. Distributors Profiles Figure 78. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure 79. Data Triangulation Figure 80. Key Executives Interviewed
B. Braun Becton, Dickinson Biocon Biodel ELI Lilly Julphar NOVO Nordisk Sanofi Wockhardt Ypsomed
Human Machine Interface market is segmented by region (country), players, by Type and by Applicat ... Read More
Humanized Mouse Model market is segmented by region (country), players, by Type and by Applicatio ... Read More
Humectants market is segmented by region (country), players, by Type and by Application. Players, ... Read More
Hybrid Integration Platform market is segmented by region (country), players, by Type and by Appl ... Read More